节能环保产业作为中国重点发展的战略性新兴产业，其核心目标是为节约能源、推动循环经济和保护生态环境提供技术和物质支持。该行业的企业涉及广泛的业务，包括节能施工、环保设备生产与销售、环保检测及绿色能源项目等。这些企业通常采用如 BOT、EMC、BT 和 BOO等商业模式，这些模式需要巨额资金投入且回收周期长，通常需要五到十年。因此，资金管理成为企业运营的关键，尤其是应收账款的管理，对维持企业现金流和项目推进至关重要。

本研究以 FD 环保公司为例，探讨其应收账款管理风险，并提出优化策略。研究分为三个部分：首先，分析 FD 公司的经营和财务状况，识别其应收账款管理中的问题；其次，通过层次分析法和模糊综合评价法，从三个不同阶段识别和评估应收账款风险；最后，基于风险评估结果，提出包括事前预防、事中管理和事后追踪的综合优化措施，以提高应收账款管理效率和降低风险。

研究揭示了 FD 环保公司应收账款风险的多样性和复杂性，包括内部管理问题和外部经济环境的影响。为了有效管理这些风险，企业需要实施系统化和精细化的风险管理策略，包括客户信用评估、合同管理和历史付款记录分析等。此外，分层管理和动态调整策略对于应对不同信用水平的客户至关重要。最后，利用大数据和人工智能等科技创新工具可以显著提高风险管理的效率和前瞻性，帮助企业更好地应对市场变化和风险挑战。

As a strategic emerging industry prioritized by China, the energy conservation and environmental protection sector aims to provide technological and material support for energy savings, circular economy development, and ecological conservation. Enterprises in this industry engage in diverse businesses, including energy-efficient construction, production and sales of environmental protection equipment, environmental monitoring, and green energy projects. They often adopt business models such as BOT, EMC, BT, and BOO, which require substantial capital investment and have long payback periods, typically spanning five to ten years. Consequently, financial management—particularly accounts receivable management—is critical for maintaining cash flow and ensuring project continuity.  

This study investigates the accounts receivable management risks of FD Environmental Protection Company and proposes optimization strategies. The research comprises three phases: First, analyzing FD’s operational and financial status to identify issues in its accounts receivable management. Second, utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method to assess risks across three stages: pre-transaction, in-process, and post-transaction. Third, proposing comprehensive optimization measures based on risk evaluation results, including preventive controls, enhanced in-process management, and post-transaction tracking mechanisms, to improve management efficiency and mitigate risks.  

The study reveals the multifaceted and complex nature of FD's accounts receivable risks, stemming from internal management deficiencies and external economic uncertainties. To address these challenges, enterprises must adopt systematic and refined risk management strategies, integrating client credit assessments, contract compliance monitoring, and historical payment analysis. Furthermore, tiered management and dynamic adjustment strategies are essential for tailoring credit policies to clients’ risk profiles: relaxed terms for low-risk clients, controlled credit limits for moderate-risk clients, and stringent restrictions for high-risk clients. Leveraging technological innovations—such as big data analytic, AI-driven tools, and real-time monitoring systems—can significantly enhance risk identification accuracy and response efficiency, fostering proactive and adaptive risk management in a rapidly evolving market.

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