近年来，随着医药行业的快速发展，医药企业为了拓展市场份额和提升品牌影响力，普遍采用赊销方式进行市场扩展。然而，赊销模式的广泛应用也使应收账款的管理问题日益突出。应收账款回收效率低、坏账风险高等问题不仅影响企业的资金周转效率，还可能对企业的盈利能力和可持续发展构成威胁。因此，优化应收账款管理成为医药企业面临的重要课题，特别是在竞争激烈的市场环境中，如何有效降低应收账款风险，提升财务管理水平具有重要现实意义。

本文以X制药公司为研究对象，基于2019-2023年该公司财务数据，结合国内外相关理论与实践，对其应收账款管理进行深入分析。首先，本文通过定量和定性相结合的方法，剖析了X制药公司应收账款管理中存在的问题，包括回款周期过长、坏账率较高、收款效率低下等；其次，分析了这些问题的成因，主要体现在客户信用管理不到位、赊销审批流程不完善、催收机制薄弱等方面；最后，本文针对这些问题提出了一系列优化措施，如强化客户信用评价机制、改进赊销审批流程、完善催收机制和激励政策等，旨在构建一套系统化的应收账款管理体系。

本文研究所得的结论对X制药公司优化应收账款管理方面可提供具体的实际操作指导，同时可对同行业其他医药企业在类似管理领域亦提供参考。尽管如此，本研究的局限性主要在于使用的样本数据的时效性及覆盖范围受限。未来的研究工作中，应考虑扩大数据样本的规模和多样性，以提升研究成果的广泛适用性和深度。

In recent years, with the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical companies have generally adopted credit sales for market expansion in order to expand market share and enhance brand influence. However, the widespread application of the credit sales model has also made the management of accounts receivable increasingly prominent. Problems such as low efficiency of accounts receivable recovery and high risk of bad debts not only affect the capital turnover efficiency of enterprises, but also may pose a threat to the profitability and sustainable development of enterprises. Therefore, optimizing accounts receivable management has become an important issue for pharmaceutical companies, especially in the highly competitive market environment, how to effectively reduce the risk of accounts receivable and improve the level of financial management is of great practical significance.

Based on the financial data of the company from 2019 to 2023, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of its accounts receivable management based on the company's financial data from 2019 to 2023, combined with relevant theories and practices at home and abroad. Firstly, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the accounts receivable management of X pharmaceutical company through a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, including the long collection cycle, high bad debt rate, and low collection efficiency. Secondly, the causes of these problems are analyzed, which are mainly reflected in the inadequate customer credit management, imperfect credit approval process, and weak collection mechanism. Finally, this paper proposes a series of optimization measures to solve these problems, such as strengthening the customer credit evaluation mechanism, improving the credit approval process, improving the collection mechanism and incentive policies, etc., aiming to build a systematic accounts receivable management system.

The conclusions of this study provide specific practical guidance for X Pharmaceutical Company in optimizing its accounts receivable management, and can also provide reference for other pharmaceutical companies in the same industry in similar management fields. However, the limitations of this study are mainly due to the limited timeliness and coverage of the sample data used. In future research work, consideration should be given to expanding the size and diversity of data samples to enhance the wide applicability and depth of research results.

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